Calcium Fluoride (CaF₂)
Lenses Plano-Convex

Muraayadaha Plano-convex waxay keenaan qallooc yar marka ay diiradda saarayaan infinity (marka shayga la sawiran uu fog yahay oo saamiga isku xidhku uu sarreeyo).Sidaa darteed waxay yihiin muraayadda-kameradaha iyo telescopes-ka.Waxtarka ugu badan ayaa la gaaraa marka dusha sare ee plano uu wajaho diyaarada la doonayo, si kale haddii loo dhigo, oogada qaloocan waxay wajahdaa laydhka shilka ee isku xidhan.Lenses-ka loo yaqaan 'Plano convex lenses' ayaa ah doorasho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay isku dhafka iftiinka ama diiradda saaraya codsiyada adeegsiga iftiinka monochromatic, warshadaha sida warshadaha, dawooyinka, robotics, ama difaaca.Waxay yihiin doorasho dhaqaale oo dalbanaya codsiyada sababtoo ah way fududahay in la sameeyo.Sida caadiga ah, muraayadaha plano-convex waxay si fiican u shaqeeyaan marka shayga iyo sawirku ay ku jiraan saamiga isku dhafan ee saxda ah> 5: 1 ama <1: 5, markaa aberration spherical, koomada iyo qallooca ayaa la yareeyaa.Marka weyneynta saxda ah ee la rabo uu u dhaxeeyo labadan qiyam, muraayadaha Bi-convex ayaa inta badan ku habboon.